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79high (case) or low (control) calf mortality wererecruited . A herd-level questionnaire was usedto gather information on management practiceslikely to impact bovine perinatal mortality . Thequestionnaire was divided into four subsectionsdealing with pre-calving (breeding, diet and bodycondition score, endemic infectious diseases) andcalving factors . Most of the significant differencesbetween case and control herds were found incalving management . For example, in case herds,pregnant cattle were less likely to be moved tothe calving unit two or more days and more likelyto be moved less than 12 hours pre-calving, theywere also less likely to calve in group-calvingfacilities and their calves were more likely toreceive intranasal or hypothermal resuscitation .These management procedures may causesocial isolation and periparturient psychogenicuterine atony leading to dystocia, more weakcalves requiring resuscitation and high perinatalcalf mortality . The key finding is that calving, notpre-calving, management appears to be the mostimportant area of concern in herds with highperinatal mortality . Fasciola hepatica: Histologicaldemonstration of apoptosis inthe reproductive organs of flukesof triclabendazole-sensitive andtriclabendazole-resistant isolates,and in field-derived flukes fromtriclabendazole-treated hosts, usingin situ hybridisation to visualiseendonuclease-generated DNA strandbreaks R .E .B . Hanna1, F .I . Forster1, G .P . Brennan2, I .Fairweather2 1 Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food andBiosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD,United Kingdom2 School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University,Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom Reprinted from Veterinary Parasitology 191: 240-251 (2013), with permission from Elsevier Investigation of the triclabendazole (TCBZ)resistance status of populations of Fasciolahepatica in field cases of fasciolosis, wheretreatment failure has been reported, can besupported by histological examination of flukescollected from recently treated hosts . In TCBZ-sensitive flukes (TCBZ-S) exposed to TCBZmetabolites for 1–4 days in vivo, but not in TCBZ-resistant flukes (TCBZ-R), morphological changessuggestive of apoptosis occur in cells undergoingmeiosis or mitosis in the testis, ovary and vitellinefollicles . In order to verify or refute the contentionthat efficacy of TCBZ treatment is associated withapoptosis in the reproductive organs of flukes,histological sections of TCBZ-S (Cullomptonisolate) flukes and TCBZ-R (Sligo isolate) flukeswere subjected to the TdT-mediated dUDP nickend labelling (TUNEL) in situ hybridisation method,a commercially available test specifically designedto label endonuclease-induced DNA strand breaksassociated with apoptosis . Additionally, sectionsof in vivo-treated and untreated flukes originatingfrom field outbreaks of suspected TCBZ-S andTCBZ-R fasciolosis were labelled by the TUNELmethod . It was found that in treated TCBZ-S flukes,strong positive labelling indicating apoptosiswas associated with morphologically abnormalcells undergoing mitosis or meiosis in the testis,ovary and vitelline follicles . Background labellingin the positive testis sections was attributed toheterophagy of cell debris by the sustentaculartissue . The triggering of apoptosis was probablyrelated to failure of spindle formation at celldivision, supporting the contention that TCBZinhibits microtubule formation . In treated TCBZ-R(Sligo Type 1) flukes, and in treated flukes fromfield outbreaks of suspected TCBZ-R fasciolosis, nosignificant labelling was observed, while sections

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تاریخ انتشار 2014